Building on the “Leaving No One Behind” paper, this background research paper synthesizes some of the existing evidence on what works - and where possible, cost-effective approaches - to improve access and completion for marginalized children and youth.

This background research uses an intersectional approach to address marginalization, recognizing that those learners most at risk of exclusion in education are the ones with multiple overlapping vulnerabilities.

The note presents the evidence as a high-level summary, with examples from GPE partner countries throughout.

This paper is part of a series on evidence for education system transformation.

• Read other papers in this series